The+Hypoosmotic+or+Hyperosmotic+Patient

Objectives

 * memorize the formula for determining plasma osmolality
 * recognize an osmolar gap
 * develop a differential diagnosis for patients presenting with hypernatremia
 * develop a differential diagnosis for common polyuric states
 * describe the different forms of hyponatremia, and how they can be clinically differentiated.
 * know the treatment modalities for abnormally high and low sodium levels
 * Understand the implications of high or low urine osmolarity on descriminating the various forms of hyponatremia