Surgery

"That the gradual evolution of surgery was superseded by the rapid introduction of startling new technical advances was based on a simple culminating axiom—the four fundamental clinical prerequisites that were required before a surgical operation could ever be considered a truly viable therapeutic procedure had finally been identified and understood:     1.     Knowledge of human anatomy    2.     Method of controlling hemorrhage and maintaining intraoperative hemostasis    3.     Anesthesia to permit the performance of pain-free procedures    4.     Explanation of the nature of infection along with the elaboration of methods necessary to achieve an antiseptic and aseptic operating room environment." -Sabiston Textbook of Surgery,

Objectives first paragraph subtitles bold-faces, colored, italicized print shaded areas or boxed information diagrams, charts, graphs, tables...concepts lists pictures, drawings new terms summary first sentances

Perioperative management FEN Nutrition surgical bleeding shock surgical critical care wounds & healing surgical infections trauma Burns Abdominal Wall Esophagus Stomach small intestine colon, rectum, anus biliary tract pancreas liver breast surgical endocrinology spleen vascular disease transplantation oncology procedures & skills